This is what could possibily make it throw a rod:
Detination (Like how a diesel engine works, compression ignition)
pre-ignition (a hot spark plug electrode, coke build up, incorrect ignition timing, these factors will ignite the fuel before the spark plug does)
Caused by
1) Ignition timing and the octane of the fuel that is used
2) Cokeing up of the combustion chamber (Hot spots, valve not seating properly, etc, etc)
The piston could be coming up on the compression stroke and the air/fuel mixutre is ignited before the spark plug ignites and that will put MASSIVE forces on the connecting rods but the big-end shells SHOULD take the force as they will "crush" under the stress but pro-longed detenation or pre-ignition will kill a rod(s)
Any clearnces will promote a knocking sound a the engine should be used at all if there is any knocking sounds