I couldn't see the video at all so just going by what is written.
I think some do and some don't at that age, my daughters 09 Tiguan doesn't, my 07 Skoda Scout does. If it is just a basic particulate filter, though they can block, they have no extra pipes fitted so just look like a silencer and you are unlikely to get any warning lights or error codes.
I would expect a DPF filter to be fitted just after the exhaust manifold or as close as possible subject to fitting space, (the Citroen C3 was just after the manifold and many larger vehicles have a down pipe, then fit it where the transmission tunnel would have been on older cars) they have a small bore pipe just before the "silencer type" box and another just after to measure the exhaust pressure before and after the DPF to check if it is blocking, if the ECU detects via the those two pipes and electrical sensors that the difference in pressure is wrong then it will trigger a "regen" to clean it, or if badly blocked will throw up error codes and "limp home" issues.
On my vehicle it was trying to clean repeatedly without success hence the horrible pungent whiteish smoke that really made my eyes water, until I fixed it. It had spent the last 220K miles as a taxi doing short local journeys, the worst thing for a modern small diesel, short stop start trips so engine never ran long enough to clean the DPF. Obviously at that mileage the DPF must have been off before, just not recently. Still can't complain as it was one of the reasons I could buy a 2012 car for £300
Older design diesels were perfect for short stop start journeys being very economical in that environment, that is until emission laws made them the totally opposite. In the early days of petrol engine catalysts when doing short journeys they had the same problem reaching a correct operational temperature and would fail Mots when brought in cold. There is a heater element in the O2 sensors fitted to modern petrol engine catalysts I believe. Which goes to show that between environmental scientists and car manufacturers they don't know where the average car is driven!!!
By the way if as you say one garage is suggesting the turbo is at fault, you would have either black smoke as the turbo would not be giving enough air/oxygen to run correctly or "blue" oily smoke if the seals/bearings had gone on the turbo allowing oil under pressure past the impeller bearings to get into the inlet. This can usually be felt by excessive movement on the impeller if you take the hose off and waggle it.
There are many companys offering to clean DPF filters , some good some bad!
