A bit of theory (again;-) ?
a PETROL engine does need the mixture it gets in to be at a certain air-fuel ratio (AFR) so it can start burning when the spark ignites it. This is called the stochïometric ratio and is about 14,7 gr of air for 1 gr of petrol. This ratio can vary a little bit from this ideal value, more air: lean mixture, less air: rich mixture.
One might thing "cool, let's run lean and save money..." True in a certain way, less fuel (more air) give less power because less energy is available from a smaller fuel quantity ! Obviously that's not what we're looking for here... AND a lean mixture burns at higher temperature and also the vaporization of less petrol reduces the heat quantity absorbed by evaporation -> engine parts (usually valves) might get hotter than what they can support and get dammaged. Not what we like neither... Not mentionning that the catalytic converter needs more petrol to reach its functionnal temperature !
"So let's put more fuel in there !" enthusiasts would say... Yes, it is possible, the ECU calculate the time the injectors are open (sequencially) according to (but not only to) the calculated air volume, and accelerator pedal position. The longer the time the larger the fuel quantity... As the (bigger) turbo forces more air in the engine, the manifold pressure increases so the ECU calculates a larger air volume and adapt the fuel quantity accordingly following its internal tables up to a certain pressure amount, then will switch to limp mode; P 0234 turbo boost condition...
You can fool the ECU so it "sees" less boost pressure and calculate the air volume to be less than it actually is, resulting in a lean mixture so one wouldn't feel much difference here. Since the opening time is computed by the ECU, how do we increase the fuel quantity without modifying the tables ? Increase the fuel pressure, or upgrade to higher flow injectors (vrx ??) !
Conclusion: modern engines CAN output more power than they do in most cars, but hey, they'll need some modifications to achieve this. Remaping is one of them, bigger turbo is another, bluespark or alike is another as well but each has pros and cons and mainly depend of one's wallet opening resistance.
Some will open it large, others may buy sticky bonnet air-intake, fake disk brakes, and carbon-look fuel trap ;-)
Regards, Bernie