Your fault sounds like a rail pressure one OR a problem with the rail pressure sensor.
You've two codes pointing that way and it failing to start unaided and tripping limp when it does go.
You've checked the injector returns, what did they return and over what sort of period?
Have you checked for fuel leaks?
All the unions, pipes etc from pump to injectors, also the seals and unions of the injector returns back to the pump.
Check the pump, the plate looking cover can often leak and can be fixed fairly easily.
Tip out the fuel filter into a clean clear bowl and check the fuel and filter for swarf.
I'm only familiar with Delphi systems though I believe the latest Bosch is similar, but usually the PCM will only fire the injectors if it see enough rpm from the crank speed sensor AND enough rail pressure, which I think is somewhere around the 200 bar or so at crank.
At idle it is somewhere like 250 or so.
Typical maximums are somewhere between 1600 -2000bar.
You can also back probe the rail pressure sensor and check it's working.
One wire will be ground.
Another live feed (5volts constant)
The other the linear signal wire.
This linear signal should typically be:
Key on, engine off 0.5 volts
Idle 1.2 to 1.5 volts
Snap WOT around 3.7 plus.
I'm not sure if this rail has a pressure limiter valve as well that bleeds off excess pressure back to the pump/tank.
They are usually at the other end of the rail from the sensor and typically start to open at around 2300 bar.
Take a look at this
http://www.yildiz.edu.tr/~oisin/Dersler/Dersnotlari/0653611/dinjection.pdf